Regulatory landscape
How DTx/DiGA, telemonitoring and device regulation actually took hold, market by market — not just headline dates, but when each framework launched and when real products started being reimbursed. Everything sits on one shared 2014–2027 axis (compressed before 2020, when little had happened yet), so a given x-position means the same year everywhere. Explore By track to compare markets within one regulatory pathway, By country for one market's full picture, or By numbers for reimbursed-product counts over time.
Germany has real month-by-month data (BfArM's own DiGA-Verzeichnis filings) — a genuine growth curve, not just a snapshot. Every other line starts at its enabling legislation or framework (an × marks that point; zero products, by definition) and steps up at each dated listing pulled from this project's own product-level sourcing, dotted while the count is still zero. Where only one dated point exists, the line assumes zero beforehand rather than asserting an earlier date we don't have. Denmark's dashed line is a different metric entirely — apps recommended by its curation council, not reimbursed products.
Belgium and France have real per-wave listing dates pulled from this project's own product-level sourcing. UK, USA and the Netherlands only have their enabling-policy date, so their lines are a single step to today's total. Germany's telemonitoring runs on common EBM charge codes billed per-physician, not per-product listings, so there's no dated adoption curve to plot — its line is an illustrative dotted ramp from the EBM codes going live to today's total, not a real month-by-month trajectory.
Stays empty for now — the DiPA pathway is live but zero products have been listed yet.
| Date | Track | Market | Milestone |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 * | DTx / DiGA | Netherlands | E-mental-health platforms (e.g. Minddistrict, founded 2008) are used by Dutch GGZ (mental health/addiction care) providers alongside standard therapy, reimbursed under the same general Zvw basic-insurance rules as the underlying treatment course -- no dedicated digital-therapeutics code exists (cumulative: 0) |
| ~2010 * | Prevention (§20 SGB V) | Germany | GKV-Spitzenverband's Leitfaden Prävention already certifies several hundred (non-digital) prevention and health-promotion courses under §20 SGB V — roughly a decade before digital offerings get their own criteria |
| 2013 | Telemonitoring | USA | Welldoc's BlueStar (diabetes) receives its original FDA clearance; billed today via Medicare/commercial Remote Patient Monitoring codes (CPT 99453-99457), a separate code family from RTM |
| 2014 * | Telemonitoring | France | ETAPES telemonitoring experiment begins (cumulative: 0) |
| Apr 2016 | Telemonitoring | Germany | EBM remote monitoring for pacemakers/ICDs/CRTs reimbursable nationwide |
| Sep 2016 | DTx / DiGA | France | Diabeo (Sanofi/Voluntis) — HAS recommends reimbursement; reported as the first digital health app reimbursed by French statutory health insurance (cumulative: 1) |
| 2017 * | Telemonitoring | France | Cordiva (CDM e-Health/Air Liquide) — heart-failure telemonitoring; a 2016 CNEDiMTS opinion declined standard LPP listing, but the service was funded from 2017 via the ETAPES experimental telemonitoring programme (cumulative: 1) |
| May 2017 | Medical product | EU (regional) | EU Medical Device Regulation (2017/745) adopted |
| ongoing * | Medical product | Canada | Health Canada device licensing — general framework, no DTx-specific milestone |
| Apr 2019 | Telemonitoring | France | MoovCare Poumon (Sivan France) — lung-cancer relapse monitoring; listed on the LPP following a 2019 CNEDiMTS opinion (Service Rendu Suffisant, ASA III) (cumulative: 2) |
| 2019 * | DTx / DiGA | Belgium | mHealthBELGIUM validation pyramid (M1-M3) launches (cumulative: 0) |
| 2019 * | Telemonitoring | France | Newcard (1 Minute pour mon Coeur) — cardiac remote monitoring, reimbursed since 2019 (cumulative: 3) |
| Dec 2019 | DTx / DiGA | Germany | Digital Healthcare Act (DVG) creates the DiGA fast-track under §139e SGB V |
| Dec 2019 | Medical product | Canada | Health Canada issues two SaMD guidance documents — still the current versions in Oct 2026 |
| 2020 | Prevention (§20 SGB V) | Germany | Leitfaden Prävention Chapter 7 introduces certification criteria for digital, self-directed prevention and health-promotion offerings (apps) for the first time — the basis for GKV cost coverage of digital prevention apps. Around 15 digital offerings are certified as of this writing, including the detoxi Health App and CyberHealth. |
| 2020 | Telemonitoring | Germany | G-BA resolution approves heart-failure telemonitoring |
| 2020 * | Telemonitoring | United Kingdom | NICE Medical Technologies Guidance MTG52 recommends Zio XT (iRhythm) for ambulatory ECG monitoring beyond 24 hours (cumulative: 1) |
| Sep 2020 | Medical product | USA | FDA Digital Health Center of Excellence established |
| Oct 2020 | DTx / DiGA | Germany | First DiGA listed — velibra, Kalmeda, somnio (cumulative: 3) |
| Dec 2020 | DTx / DiGA | Japan | CureApp SC — first reimbursed DTx via Chuikyo/NHI listing (cumulative: 1) |
| 2021 * | Telemonitoring | Netherlands | The Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa) expands funding for digital/remote care; remote-monitoring platforms are reimbursed under the general Zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw) basic insurance whenever the underlying clinical activity is already covered, not via a dedicated digital-therapeutics code (cumulative: 0) |
| 2021 * | Medical product | Switzerland | Swiss MedDO aligned with EU MDR via mutual-recognition framework |
| Jan 2021 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | Level M3 (reimbursement) activated — covers heart-failure telemonitoring: CareLink System, Remecare, BeWell Well@Home, Comarch HomeHealth 2.0 and others (cumulative: 5) |
| 26 May 2021 | Medical product | EU (regional) | MDR becomes fully applicable across the EU |
| Sep 2021 | DTx / DiGA | France | Diabeloop DBLG1 — first LPPR-listed digital-linked device (cumulative: 2) |
| Sep 2021 | DTx / DiGA | Latvia | NVD assigns a manipulation-list code to Vigo (stroke rehab) (cumulative: 1) |
| Jan 2022 | Telemonitoring | Germany | EBM heart-failure telemonitoring (GOP 13583-13587 / 03325-03326) live nationwide |
| 2022 * | Telemonitoring | USA | Medicare RTM CPT codes (98975-98981) introduced (cumulative: 0) |
| May 2022 | DTx / DiGA | United Kingdom | NICE MTG70 (Sleepio) — first-ever positive NICE guidance for a DTx (cumulative: 0) |
| 2022–2023 * | AgeTech / DiPA | Germany | Legal basis for DiPA (Digitale Pflegeanwendungen) established, funded via long-term-care insurance rather than DiGA's statutory health insurance (cumulative: 0) |
| 2022 * | Telemonitoring | France | ETAPES telemonitoring experiment ends, transitions to the permanent LATM line; the remaining legacy telemonitoring products transition onto the new permanent line (cumulative: 10) |
| Aug 2022 | Telemonitoring | United Kingdom | NICE NG17 update funds CGM for Type 1 diabetes (cumulative: 1) |
| Sep 2022 | DTx / DiGA | Japan | CureApp HT — world's first reimbursed hypertension DTx (cumulative: 2) |
| Oct 2022 | Medical product | China — Hainan | Hainan fast-track Class II device-approval channel launches |
| Feb 2023 | DTx / DiGA | South Korea | MFDS approves Somzz — Korea's first approved DTx (cumulative: 1) |
| Mar 2023 | DTx / DiGA | United Kingdom | EVA draft guidance (HTE8/HTE9) for NHS Talking Therapies |
| Mar 2023 | Medical product | EU (regional) | Regulation 2023/607 extends legacy-device transition periods |
| Apr 2023 | DTx / DiGA | France | PECAN early-access route launches |
| Apr 2023 | Medical product | USA | CMS assigns HCPCS Level II code E1905 to AppliedVR's RelieVRx -- the first VR therapeutic to receive its own Medicare Durable Medical Equipment billing code |
| Aug 2023 | DTx / DiGA | South Korea | Revised rules allow temporary 3-year NHI reimbursement |
| Sep 2023 | DTx / DiGA | China — Beijing | Beijing Anding Hospital and 脑动极光/Brain Aurora unveil 心灵岛屿Aurora, a gamified CCBT app for mild-to-moderate depression, at the China Fair for Trade in Services — headed into clinical trials, no reimbursement claim made (cumulative: 0) |
| Oct 2023 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | From 1 October 2023 the NIHDI applies a rebuilt procedure for mobile medical applications, with two destinations instead of one: definitive reimbursement, or a temporary early-access route for innovative applications whose evidence is promising but incomplete — three years by default, an interim report every 18 months. This is where the later M3 light / M3 plus split comes from |
| Oct 2023 | Telemonitoring | France | RESILIENCE PRO (oncology remote monitoring) begins reimbursement via the LATM line (cumulative: 11) |
| 2024 | DTx / DiGA | Germany | DigiG amendment streamlines codes, opens class IIb devices |
| Jan 2024 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | At the end of 2023 the joint management by NIHDI, beMedTech and Agoria ended; the two sector federations continue alone. The pyramid survives, but M2 changes meaning — it now marks an admissible reimbursement request rather than compliance with the ICT criteria, and apps holding the old M2 without a pending request kept their marker only until 1 October 2024 |
| Mar 2024 | DTx / DiGA | China — Shanghai | Shanghai official Zhang Ying's national CPPCC proposal states plainly that very few domestic DTx products are covered by medical insurance anywhere in China, citing Hainan as the model to emulate — confirms no Shanghai pathway existed as of this writing (cumulative: 0) |
| May 2024 * | DTx / DiGA | China — Guangdong | Shenzhen's Chronic Disease Prevention Center launches a free cognitive-training pilot for over-65 residents, funded via the public-health-service budget, not medical insurance; expanded from 5 to 23 sites by Jul 2025 (cumulative: 0) |
| Jun 2024 | DTx / DiGA | USA | Akili's EndeavorOTC (adult ADHD) is cleared as an over-the-counter, self-pay SKU distinct from the Medicare-DMHT-eligible prescription EndeavorRx |
| 2024 * | DTx / DiGA | Denmark | Naevnet for Sundhedsapps established (curation, not reimbursement) |
| ongoing * | Medical product | United Kingdom | UKCA/CE-marking transition diverges from EU MDR post-Brexit |
| Jul 2024 | DTx / DiGA | USA | Akili Interactive Labs (EndeavorRx/EndeavorOTC) becomes a wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtual Therapeutics via a July 2024 tender offer — a corporate/ownership change, not a reimbursement event |
| Aug 2024 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêté of 19 August 2024 inscribes several telemonitoring activities at once, among them myDiabby for gestational diabetes; the listing was renewed on 27 March 2026 (cumulative: 12) |
| Nov 2024 | DTx / DiGA | USA | CMS finalises 2025 fee schedule — HCPCS G0552-G0554 (cumulative: 0) |
| Dec 2024 * | DTx / DiGA | United Kingdom | myCOPD (My mHealth) recognised in NICE Early Value Assessments HTE18/HTE19 — conditional NHS commissioning to Dec 2027 while further evidence is generated (cumulative: 9) |
| Dec 2024 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêté of 26 December 2024; indication limited to non-insulin-treated gestational diabetes (positive OGTT weeks 24-28, or fasting glucose ≥0.92 g/L in the first trimester with a risk factor) (cumulative: 13) |
| Jan 2025 | DTx / DiGA | USA | DMHT G-codes take effect |
| Jan 2025 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | Chronic heart-failure telemonitoring convention — hospitals brought onto the pathway under a simplified Convention, live since Jan 2025 (cumulative: 10) |
| Jan 2025 | Medical product | USA | CMS finalizes a second dedicated Medicare DME code (HCPCS E3200), for MedRhythms' stroke-mobility device InTandem |
| Jan 2025 | Medical product | South Korea | Digital Medical Products Act takes effect |
| Mar 2025 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêté of 28 March 2025 inscribes SATELIA CARDIO for chronic heart failure at a product-specific rate well above the generic one; the arrêté of 31 March 2025 moves Cureety Techcare from PECAN (Oct 2023) onto the permanent LATM line, with separate codes for localised and for advanced disease (cumulative: 15) |
| Mar 2025 | DTx / DiGA | Netherlands | Zorginstituut Nederland publishes assessment guidance for digital and hybrid care — not a listing procedure |
| May 2025 | DTx / DiGA | China — Hainan | Hainan province-level billing framework launches (cumulative: 0) |
| May 2025 | DTx / DiGA | China — Shanghai | A pediatric digital-diagnostics R&D center opens in Pudong with 8 initial research projects — an incubation center, not a payment mechanism (cumulative: 0) |
| Jun 2025 | DTx / DiGA | China — Guangdong | Guangdong's provincial drug regulator grants Tencent Medical Health (Shenzhen) a Class II registration for a gamified mild-cognitive-impairment training app — a device clearance, not a reimbursement decision; no price or insurance code found (cumulative: 0) |
| Jun–Jul 2025 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêtés of 23 June 2025 (Abbott Merlin.net; Biotronik Home Monitoring Service Center) and 24 July 2025 (Medtronic CareLink) inscribe implantable-cardiac-monitor follow-up. Each platform carries its own billing code, and every one is paid the same amount — the tariff attaches to the care activity, not to the product (cumulative: 18) |
| Jul 2025 | DTx / DiGA | China — Beijing | Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine launches a cognitive-impairment/Alzheimer's digital-therapeutics research platform with 北京智精灵科技 — a clinical-research platform, not an insurance pathway (cumulative: 0) |
| Aug 2025 | DTx / DiGA | Saudi Arabia | MDS-G27 on digital health products sorts the field into eight categories and makes Digital Therapeutics one of them |
| Sep 2025 | DTx / DiGA | Japan | CureApp AUD/HAUDY — alcohol-use disorder (cumulative: 3) |
| 2024–2025 * | DTx / DiGA | South Korea | WELT-I/SleepQ, EasyBreath, VIVID Brain, SoriCLEAR and CodeThera all approved (cumulative: 6) |
| Oct 2025 | DTx / DiGA | Finland | DigiFinland runs the pilot with Kela (social insurance institution), Sitra and FinCCHTA -- Finnish Government press release names all 10 selected solutions: Elekta Instruments, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Orla DTx, Precordior, Promedical, Sensotrend (2 solutions), Sooma, Steripolar and Wellpro Impact Solutions. Evaluation report due end of 2026, final project report Feb 2027; no reimbursement mechanism yet (cumulative: 0) |
| Nov 2025 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêté of 27 November 2025, after a CNEDiMTS opinion of 7 October 2025. The Tilak Healthcare app hides a visual-acuity test inside a puzzle game; the reimbursed group is narrow — adults with chronic maculopathy, corrected binocular acuity of at least 3/10. It ran as an Article 51 experiment from February 2022 beforehand (cumulative: 19) |
| Dec 2025 | DTx / DiGA | Switzerland | MiGeL Chapter 40 (dGA) announced (cumulative: 0) |
| Jan 2026 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | Oncology telemonitoring circular (OMZ.ZH.2026/04) adds 5 apps including RESILIENCE PRO and Noona (cumulative: 12) |
| Jan 2026 | AgeTech / DiPA | Germany | BEEP-Gesetz gives DiPA a simplified pilot listing route, trial year, and raises the monthly cap from a uniform €50 to up to €70 (€40 app + €30 support services); also extends eligible care benefit to apps supporting family caregivers, not just the care-dependent person |
| Jan 2026 | DTx / DiGA | United Kingdom | NICE HTG768 — usable in the NHS on core funding during a 2-year evidence-generation period; Digital CBTe and Worth Warrior need more research |
| Feb 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Japan | Chuikyo reports to the minister; same-day notices include procedures for program medical devices |
| Mar 2026 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêté of 3 March 2026, for remote monitoring of patients with a LUX-Dx insertable cardiac monitor (cumulative: 20) |
| Mar 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Israel | Government approves 107 technologies for about 86,450 people at 650 million shekels; the annual route formally admits non-drug technologies |
| Mar 2026 | DTx / DiGA | France | JOE — first favourable HAS/CNEDiMTS opinion for a digital therapy (avis dated 17.03.2026), for persistent paediatric asthma ages 7-11 — brings the total to 4 (cumulative: 4) |
| Apr 2026 | Medical product | Canada | Three guidance documents published together: clinical evidence requirements, pre-market guidance for machine learning-enabled devices, terms and conditions |
| Apr 2026 | DTx / DiGA | South Korea | HIRA publishes a commissioned study on reimbursement-adequacy criteria and a formal listing scheme; products remain self-pay |
| May 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Italy | Camera dei deputati approves C.1208 in unified text and sends it to the Senate as DDL 1918 — approved by one chamber, not yet law |
| Jun 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Japan | Medcle and ENDEAVORRIDE both reimbursed (cumulative: 5) |
| Jul 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Germany | Outcome-based pricing begins for DiGA, effective 1 July 2026 |
| Jul 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Switzerland | dGA pathway live — deprexis first listed (cumulative: 1) |
| Jul 2026 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | Physiotherapy can be delivered partly as remote provision or telemonitoring; midwifery care may again take place remotely |
| Jul 2026 | Telemonitoring | France | Arrêté of 9 July 2026 inscribes IMPLICITY MCI, amended on 5 August; the arrêté of 15 July 2026 inscribes AXOMOVE THERAPY, a rehabilitation and telemonitoring device. Poppins Clinical entered PECAN on 17 July 2026 (cumulative: 21) |
| Jul 2026 | DTx / DiGA | India | Guidance on Medical Device Software under MDR-2017; Example 10 of covered software is a behaviour-change and digital therapeutics platform |
| Jul 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Portugal | Circular 078/CD/100.20.200 — a digital solution is a medical device when its intended purpose is medical; wellness apps fall outside |
| Sep 2026 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | Speech and language therapy may again be delivered remotely; dermatology tele-expertise was approved 9 Feb 2026 pending publication |
| Sep 2026 | DTx / DiGA | Brazil | Technology Cooperation Agreement to deploy AI across the SUS — an AI services agreement, not reimbursement of a digital therapeutic |
| Oct 2026 | Telemonitoring | Belgium | Compared with the Internet Archive capture of 8 September 2026, the cancer-telemonitoring pathway went from six apps to eight (Cureety Techcare and Healthentia added), chronic heart failure from nine to ten (1 Minute pour mon Cœur), and a telemonitoring-by-a-physiotherapist pathway appeared that did not exist six weeks earlier (cumulative: 13) |
| Oct 2026 | Telemonitoring | France | The arrêté of 14 September 2026, in force 1 October, cuts all thirteen codes carried over from the March schedule: implanted defibrillators and pacemakers by 30%, gestational diabetes by 19%, oncology by about 8%. Article L. 162-54 requires a revision every six months, measured against the growth in the average monthly patient caseload — so the deepest cut marks the fastest-growing service (cumulative: 21) |
| End 2026 * | DTx / DiGA | Finland | Proposal for a permanent operating model due by the end of 2026; final report February 2027 |
| Jan 2027 | DTx / DiGA | Denmark | Four national bodies merge into Digital Health Denmark; the predecessors cease to exist 31 Dec 2026. Infrastructure, not a reimbursement route |
| Jan 2028 | DTx / DiGA | Germany | Manufacturers of aids and implants (Hilfsmittel/Implantate) become obligated under §374a SGB V to offer interoperable interfaces and register them in BfArM's HIIS directory (Hilfsmittel- und Implantat-Informationssystem) -- so DiGA apps can identify permitted, verified pairing partners such as CGM sensors, insulin pumps or pacemakers. Not a reimbursement pathway itself -- the underlying aid's reimbursement still runs through the existing Hilfsmittelverzeichnis (HMV, §139 SGB V). |